Adaptive Semantic Video Conferencing for Ofdm Systems

Video conferencing has become more common than ever due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes high-resolution video transmission a pressing issue. Although semantic video conferencing (SVC) has achieved a great success to improve the transmission efficiency by only transmitting some keypoints to represent changed expressions, its performance can still be improved by adapting to varying channel scenarios, which is lack of study when designing the whole SVC in the end-to-end manner. In this paper, we first establish a standard SVC-OFDM system. Then, the receiver part of the SVC is added with an adaptive network called Switch-SVC for varying channels and improve the accuracy of the received keypoints. Some parameters in Switch-SVC are trained online so that the receiver can adapt to the current environment. Simulation results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the keypoint reconstruction performance compared to the traditional SVC-OFDM receiver without online training.

Macroeconomic conditions and investment stimuli

Based on a calibrated real options model, this paper examines a tax-subsidy program offered by a government to stimulate corporate investment under business cycles. We derive and discuss optimal incentive policies for different states of the economy. We find that it is optimal for the government to offer a combination of tax cuts and lump-sum subsidy for stimulating levered firms' investment under business cycles. Furthermore, the government should adopt counter-cyclical tax-subsidy policy, namely a higher (lower) tax cuts and a larger (smaller) lump-sum subsidy during recessions (booms). In particular, we provide a possible explanation why many governments around the world have reduced and even implemented negative interest rates to stimulate the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Finally, our conclusions also predict that the break-even tax-subsidy program always provides effective investment stimulus under business cycles. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

Treatment Effects of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Treatment Scheme on COVID-19: A Single-armed Clinical Trial

Backgroud: The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought unprecedented perils to human health and raised public health concerns in more than two hundred countries. Safe and effective treatment scheme is needed urgently. Objective(s): To evaluate the effects of integratedTCM and western medicine treatment scheme on COVID-19. Method(s): A single-armed clinical trial was carried out in Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, an affiliated hospital with Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. 102 confirmed cases were screened out from 725 suspected cases and 93 of them were treated with integrated TCM and western medicine treatment scheme. Result(s): 83 cases were cured, 5 cases deteriorated, and 5 cases withdrew from the study. No deaths were reported. The mean relief time of fever, cough, diarrhea, and fatigue were (4.78 +/- 4.61) days, (7.22 +/- 4.99) days, (5.28 +/- 3.39) days, and (5.28 +/- 3.39) days, respectively. It took (14.84 +/- 5.50) days for SARS-CoV-2 by nucleic acid amplification-based testing to turn negative. Multivariable cox regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, PISCT, BPC, AST, CK, BS, and UPRO were independent risk factors for COVID-19 treatment. Conclusion(s): Our study suggested that integrated TCM and western medicine treatment scheme was effective for COVID-19.Copyright © 2021

Adaptive Semantic Video Conferencing for OFDM Systems

Video conferencing has become more common than ever due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes high-resolution video transmission a pressing issue. Although semantic video conferencing (SVC) has achieved a great success to improve the transmission efficiency by only transmitting some key-points to represent changed expressions, its performance can still be improved by adapting to varying channel scenarios, which is lack of study when designing the whole SVC in the end-to-end manner. In this paper, we first establish a standard SVC-OFDM system. Then, the receiver part of the SVC is added with an adaptive network called Switch-SVC for varying channels and improve the accuracy of the received keypoints. Some parameters in Switch-SVC are trained online so that the receiver can adapt to the current environment. Simulation results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the keypoint reconstruction performance compared to the traditional SVC-OFDM receiver without online training. © 2022 IEEE.

Occupational Prolonged Sitting Increased the Risk Across the Spectrum of Kidney Disease: Results From a Cohort of a Half-Million Asian Adults

Background: Kidney diseases were viewed as continuously progressing from microalbuminuria, chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and deaths. The report of the association between prolonged sitting and kidney diseases is limited. Method(s): We examined a cohort of 455,506 participants in a screening program in Taiwan conducted between 1996 and 2017. Data on occupational sedentary behavior and physical activity were collected with a standardized questionnaire. The outcomes of ESRD and death were identified by linking with the Registry of Dialysis and Cause of Death Data. The association between prolonged sitting and CKD, the incident of ESRD, and death were assessed using a logistic regression model to compute odds ratios (ORs) and Cox proportional hazards model for hazard ratios (HRs). Result(s): More than half of the participants, 265,948 (58.4%), were categorized as "prolonged sitting" during their work. During the median 13 years of follow-up, we identified 2,227 individuals undergoing dialysis and 25,671 deaths. Occupational prolonged sitting was significantly associated with a higher risk of CKD (OR: 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.31), ESRD (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38), and kidney-specific mortality (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.91) compared to mostly standing participants after controlling for physical activity and other risk factors. Inactive prolonged sitting carries a significantly higher risk of ESRD than physically active, mostly standing participants (HR: 1.34, 1.04, 1.73). However, active prolonged sitting decreased ESRD risk (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.34) compared to inactive prolonged sitting. Conclusion(s): The results suggest that prolonged sitting is associated with a greater risk of kidney diseases, independent of physical activity. Given the pervasive nature of prolonged sitting, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, decreasing the amount of time spent sitting can be a modifiable behavior to lower the risk of kidney diseases.

Embracing the New Norm in Teaching and Learning via G Suite for Education: A Multidimensional Perspective

The Covid-19 global pandemic witnessed a paradigm shift where remote teaching and learning had to be embraced by both teachers and students alike at all education levels. The overnight rapid transition witnessed the employment of several online tools including G Suite for Education, launched by Google in 2006. Today, educational institutions all around the globe have embraced G Suite tools but one question that raises concern is its potential as a teaching and learning tool in today’s 21st century remote learning classrooms. Therefore, this paper puts forward the findings of an exploratory study that investigated a multidimensional perspective involving both pre-service teachers and lecturers’ perspectives of G Suite for Education based on four dimensions of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioural intention to use and actual system use. The study was set in a private university in Malaysia involving 50 preservice teachers and four lecturers. The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design wherein data were collected via a three-pronged approach involving the use of a test, a questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics whilst qualitative data were thematically analysed. Initial findings indicated that pre-service teachers’ knowledge of G Suite for Education is at the moderate level with both students and lecturers’ having positive perceptions of G Suite based on the four dimensions of TAM. Despite a few issues of concern and challenges, the findings also implied the potential of G Suite for Education as a viable tool in today’s new norm of remote teaching and learning. (248 words) © 2022,Asian Journal of University Education. All Rights Reserved.

Face Recognition With Masks Based on Spatial Fine-Grained Frequency Domain Broadening

Along with social distancing, wearing masks is an effective method of preventing the transmission of COVID-19 in the ongoing pandemic. However, masks occlude a large number of facial features, preventing facial recognition. The recognition rate of existing methods may be significantly reduced by the presence of masks. In this paper, we propose a method to effectively solve the problem of the lack of facial feature information needed to perform facial recognition on people wearing masks. The proposed approach uses image super-resolution technology to perform image preprocessing along with a deep bilinear module to improve EfficientNet. It also combines feature enhancement with frequency domain broadening, fuses the spatial features and frequency domain features of the unoccluded areas of the face, and classifies the fused features. The features of the unoccluded area are increased to improve the accuracy of recognition of masked faces. The results of a cross-validation show that the proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 98% on the RMFRD dataset, as well as a higher recognition rate and faster speed than previous methods. In addition, we also performed an experimental evaluation in an actual facial recognition system and achieved an accuracy of 99%, which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.

Generative Facial Prior and Semantic Guidance for Iterative Face Inpainting

Image inpainting techniques have been greatly improved by relying on structure and texture priors. However, damaged original images or rough predictions cannot provide sufficient texture information and accurate structural priors, leading to a drop in image quality. Moreover, from the perspective of human visual perception, it is important to pay attention to facial symmetry and facial attribute consistency. In this paper, we present a face inpainting system with iteration structure, guided by generative facial priors contained in pretrained GANs and predicted semantic information. Specifically, generative facial priors generated by the GAN inversion techniques introduce sufficient textures and features to assist inpainting;semantic maps are able to provide facial structural information and semantic categories of different pixels for face reconstruction. In particular, we iteratively refine images multiple times, updating semantic maps at each iteration. The Weighted Prior-Guidance Modulation layer (WPGM) is devised for incorporating priors into networks through spatial modulation. We also propose facial feature self-symmetry loss to constrain the symmetry of faces in feature space. Experiments on CelebA-HQ and LaPa datasets demonstrate the superiority of our model for facial detail and attribute consistency. Meanwhile, under the background of COVID-19, it is worth trying recognition via inpainting to deal with recognition challenges brought by mask occlusion. Relevant experiments show that our inpainting model does help to recognition tasks to a certain degree, with higher accuracy.

Understanding the Role of Sustainable-Oriented and Process Innovation With Lean Practices in Achieving Sustainability Paradigm: A Chinese Perspective

The organizational development following the philosophy of sustainability is becoming the prerequisite for companies, which urges and emphasizes them to incorporate social, economic, and environmental aspects into their manufacturing and operations. Despite plethora of researches exploring lean practices as the solution for improving productivity, it is limited to the operational aspects only, thus ignoring the other aspects of sustainability. Moreover, there is a dearth of studies that explored the combined effect of sustainable innovation, process innovation, and lean practices on the three aspects of sustainability. The current study is an attempt and contribution in the existing literature through the sample of 431 respondents from ISO 14001 certified Chinese organizations during COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The estimations were performed through the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling. The results revealed a positive association among the proposed hypothesis of aforementioned studied phenomena. In addition, the current study explores the role of sustainable innovation as a mediator between lean and three dimensions of the sustainability, which is reportedly found to be a partial mediator as both direct and indirect effects are found to be statistically significant. Through the findings of the current study, the managers and decision makers can comprehend the potential of the possible benefits which can be reaped by incorporating both lean and sustainability within their operations. Copyright © 2022 Liu, Ding, Wen, Gao, Wang and Sun.

Head Pose Estimation in Complex Environment Based on Four-branch Feature Selective Extraction and Regional Information Exchange Fusion Network

Under the severe situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, masks cover most of the effective facial features of users, and their head pose changes significantly in a complex environment, which makes the accuracy of head pose estimation in some systems such as safe driving systems and attention detection systems impossible to guarantee. To this end, we propose a powerful four-branch feature selective extraction network (FSEN) structure, in which three branches are used to extract three independent discriminative features of pose angles, and one branch is used to extract composite features corresponding to multiple pose angles. By reducing the dimension of high-dimensional features, our method significantly reduces the amount of computation while improving the estimation accuracy. Our convolution method is an improved spatial channel dynamic convolution (SCDC) that initially enhances the extracted features. Additionally, we embed a regional information exchange network (RIEN) after each convolutional layer in each branch to fully mine the potential semantic correlation between regions from multiple perspectives and learn and fuse this correlation to further enhance feature expression. Finally, we fuse the independent discriminative features of each pose angle and composite features from the three directions of channel, space, and pixel to obtain perfect feature expression for each pose angle, and then obtain the head pose angle. We conducted extensive experiments on the controlled environment datasets and a self-built real complex environment dataset (RCE) and the results showed that our method outperforms state-of-the-art single-modality methods and performs on par with multimodality-based methods. This shows that our network meets the requirements of accurate head-pose estimation in real complex environments such as complex illumination and partial occlusion. Author

Artificial intelligence technologies for more flexible recommendation in uniforms

Purpose: This research aims to collect human body variables via 2D images captured by digital cameras. Based on those human variables, the forecast and recommendation of the Digital Camouflage Uniforms (DCU) for Taiwan's military personnel are made. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 375 subjects are recruited (male: 253;female: 122). In this study, OpenPose converts the photographed 2D images into four body variables, which are compared with those of a tape measure and 3D scanning simultaneously. Then, the recommendation model of the DCU is built by the decision tree. Meanwhile, the Euclidean distance of each size of the DCU in the manufacturing specification is calculated as the best three recommendations. Findings: The recommended size established by the decision tree is only 0.62 and 0.63. However, for the recommendation result of the best three options, the DCU Fitting Score can be as high as 0.8 or more. The results of OpenPose and 3D scanning have the highest correlation coefficient even though the method of measuring body size is different. This result confirms that OpenPose has significant measurement validity. That is, inexpensive equipment can be used to obtain reasonable results. Originality/value: In general, the method proposed in this study is suitable for applications in e-commerce and the apparel industry in a long-distance, non-contact and non-pre-labeled manner when the world is facing Covid-19. In particular, it can reduce the measurement troubles of ordinary users when purchasing clothing online. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

[The efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol in patients with coronavirus disease 2019].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and arbidol in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the real world. Methods: The clinical data of 178 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital from January 20 to February 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to patient's antiviral treatment regimens, 178 patients were divided into 4 groups including LPV/r group (59 patients), arbidol group (36 patients), LPV/r plus arbidol combination group (25 patients) and the supportive care group without any antiviral treatment (58 patients). The primary end point was the negative conversion time of nucleic acid of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by pharyngeal swab. Results: The baseline parameters of 4 groups before treatment was comparable. The negative conversion time of viral nucleic acid was (10.20±3.49), (10.11±4.68), (10.86±4.74), (8.44±3.51) days in LPV/r group, arbidol group, combination group, and supportive care group respectively (F=2.556, P=0.058). There was also no significant difference in negative conversion rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the improvement of clinical symptoms, and the improvement of pulmonary infections by CT scan (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was found in the changing rates from mild/moderate to severe/critical type at day 7 (χ(2)=9.311, P=0.017), which were 24%(6/25) in combination group, 16.7%(6/36) in arbidol group, 5.4%(3/56) in LPV/r group and 5.2%(3/58) in supportive care group. Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in three antiviral groups was significantly higher than that in supportive care group (χ(2)=14.875, P=0.002). Conclusions: Antiviral treatment including LPV/r or arbidol or combination does not shorten the negative conversion time of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid nor improve clinical symptoms. Moreover, these antiviral drugs cause more adverse reactions which should be paid careful attention during the treatment.

The COVID-19 Impact on Population Flow of Ethnic Minority Areas

The main channel for the spread of the COVID-19 is the macro and micro population flow, and the flow of population and materials is an important means to promote economic development and ensure people's living standards. It is especially important for ethnic minority areas with relatively backward economic development. Based on the data, this article confirms that the population movement data has a strong correlation with the GDP, and quantitatively analyzes the population inflows and outflows and urban internal flows in ethnic minority areas during the COVID-19. It is found that China's urban population flow has showed a sharp decline at first and then a slow rise since the Spring Festival in 2020, and the decrease in population outflow and inflow reflects the fact that the COVID-19 has limited long-distance population movements, but short-distance mobility has been found to increase slightly based on internal flow of cities. The COVID-19 has a different impact on population mobility and economic activities in different ethnic minority areas, and its impact on the northwest minority national regions is particularly obvious, the average population flow of individual cities has dropped by more than 50%, and the impact on ethnic minority areas in southwestern regions is relatively small. By analyzing of population flow and economic changes in ethnic minority areas during the COVID-19, and characterizing the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 on each city, it is helpful to formulate more effective prevention, control strategies and poverty alleviation measures for these areas. The analysis results can provide the decision-making reference for relevant departments. © 2021, Editorial Board of Journal of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. All right reserved.

[Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of human coronavirus in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Hebei region].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human coronavirus (HCoV) in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Hebei region, providing evidence for the diagnosis and prevention of children with respiratory tract infection. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 1 062 HCoV positive children hospitalized for respiratory tract infection in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2015 to December 2020, aged from 33 days to 14 years, with a median age of 2 years. 27 932 (60.9%) were males and 17 944(39.1%) were females. And the gender, ages, seasonal distribution, HCoV-positive rates, co-detection distribution and clinical diagnosis of HCoV positive cases were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. Enumeration data were expressed by frequency and percentage; categorical variable were compared by the Pearson χ2test. Results: The overall HCoV-positive rate was 2.31% (1 062/45 876), which was 2.37% (662/27 932) in male children and 2.23% (400/17 944) in female children. There was no statistically significant difference between genders (χ²=0.916, P=0.339). Children at age groups<1 years (2.44%) and 1-<3 years (2.63%) had higher HCoV-positive rates than those at age groups 3-<5 years (1.97%) and ≥5 years (1.38%) (χ²=27.332,P<0.01). The HCoV-positive rates from 2015 to 2018 were 2.13%, 2.45%, 2.28% and 2.23%. The HCoV-positive rate of 2019 (1.71%) was significantly lower than in 2016 (χ²=12.05, P<0.01), 2017 (χ²=7.34, P=0.01) and 2018 (χ²=6.78, P=0.01), but there was no significant difference compared with 2015 (χ²=2.84, P=0.09). The HCoV-positive rate of 2020 (3.37%) was significantly higher than in 2015 (χ²=13.636, P<0.01), 2016 (χ²=11.099, P<0.01), 2017 (χ²=15.482, P<0.01), 2018(χ²=18.601, P<0.01) and 2019(χ²=45.580, P<0.01). The positive rate was highest in spring (March to May) in 2015 and 2017 to 2018. February to April and July to September of 2016 were the peak periods of positive detection. No obvious seasonal change was observed in 2019 and the HCoV-positive rate of 2020 was extremely low from January to July, following significantly increased from August to December. 26.37% (280/1 062) of HCoV were co-detected with other respiratory pathogens and the most frequently identified mixed detection was RSV. Three or more pathogens were detected in 7.34% (78/1 062) of the HCoV-positive samples. Bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis were more frequently observed in the single HCoV positive (61.89% and 16.75%) children compared to co-detected children(34.29% and 9.64%)(χ²=63.394 and 8.228, P<0.01). However, compared to those with HCoV mono-detection, co-detected children were more likely to have severe pneumonia (4.6% and 47.14%) (χ²=280.171, P<0.01). Conclusions: HCoV is one of the respiratory pathogens in children in Hebei region and more prevalent in spring. The susceptible population of HCoV is mainly children under the age of 3 years old. HCoV often co-detects with other respiratory pathogens, and the co-infection is one of the risk factors of severe pneumonia in children with respiratory infection.

[Epidemiological and clinical features of children with mild coronavirus disease 2019]

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological and clinical features of children with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The children who were diagnosed with mild COVID-19 in the Wuchang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan from February 5 to March 10, 2020 were enrolled as subjects. The clinical, laboratory, and lung imaging data were collected during hospitalization and isolation. This was a retrospective single-center case series analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1 124 patients with mild COVID-19 were admitted from February 5 to March 10, 2020, including 13 children (1.16%). All the 13 children (7 boys and 6 girls) were residents of Wuhan in China, with a median age of 16 years (range: 10-18 years). Of all the 13 children, 9(69%) were from family clusters of COVID-19 and 4(31%) had unknown sources of infection. The mean time from exposure to onset was 6.8 days (range: 2-13 days) in 9 children with a definite history of exposure. There were 6 symptomatic children with the main manifestations of fever, cough, weakness, and myalgia, and the mean time from onset to hospitalization was 9.2 days. Of all the 13 children, 7(54%) were asymptomatic with positive nucleic acid test of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There were 4 children (31%) with abnormal lung CT findings, mainly patchy shadows or ground-glass opacities in the lung field, and 6 children (46%) had no symptoms with normal lung CT findings. All children had normal routine blood test results and C-reactive protein levels. Eight children underwent SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG tests at least once, among whom 6 had negative SARS-CoV-2 IgM but positive IgG, and 2 underwent SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG tests twice and had negative results. Of all the 13 children, 11(85%) had negative results of two SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests during hospitalization and were discharged, and 2(15%) had positive results of four SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests and were transferred to another hospital and lost to follow-up. Among the 11 children who were followed up, 1 had positive results of two SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests at the isolation point, and 10 had negative results. The mean hospital stay was 10.9 days for the 13 children. Eleven children recovered during follow-up, with good living and learning conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Children with mild COVID-19 often have an uncertain history of exposure and may not have any clinical symptoms. Etiological diagnosis is more important than clinical diagnosis. The disappearance of clinical manifestations may not parallel with the result of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test. SARS-CoV-2 has a long detoxification time, and there may be recurrent cases of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Further studies are needed to investigate the production patterns of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG and their effect on the body.

Research Progress of Chinese Public Health System Reform under COVID-19

Objective To review the research progress of Chinese public health system reform under COVID-19 based on the framework WHO's building blocks of a health system, key points of this paper is the impact of the epidemic shock on research progress, analyze the main problems existing in present research, and put forward the future research direction and policy suggestions. Methods Researches on Chinese public health system published in Chinese and English language in CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and Web of Science were included using search terms 'Public Health', 'Disease Prevention and Control', 'COVID-19', 'China' and combinations of these terms. Results In terms of the provision of public health services, relevant researches mainly focus on hospital and grass-roots level;In regard to the public health workforce, researches mainly focus on the reform of medical education and the mental health of health workforce;in terms of public health information, researches mainly focus on the application of new technology in disease prevention and control;in public health products, vaccines and technologies, researches study the storage and transportation of emergency drugs, the emergency authorization of medical devices and the procedures for drug approval;About health financing, relevant researches focus on the challenge of the epidemic to medical insurance, and even the legalization of hospitals to receive social donations;Finally, in terms of leadership and governance, researches focus on governance system, global health governance and community governance. Conclusion Although the number of relevant researches have been significantly increased, there are still some deficiencies, which will be the focus of future studies: less researches on the accessibility, quality, efficiency and equity of public health system in China;no substantial progress in reform path;ignoring the importance of demand side. © 2020 IEEE.

Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)";now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis [including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents], diagnosis [including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest X-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections], treatments [including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhua Qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. © 2020 People's Military Medical Press. All rights reserved.